Lectures
- Indications for cytology examination
- Procuring the specimen
- Test platforms/specimen processing and triage
- Report
Basic cytomorphology
Cytology Respiratory Specimens –MN05-J8970
- Sputum
- Bronchial washing and brushings
- Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
- Fine needle aspirations (FNA)
Normal Respiratory Cytology –MN05-X13303
- Squamous cells (oral contamination)
- Glandular cells
- ciliated columnar
- mucous goblet cells
- Pneumocytes
- Alveolar macrophages
Alveolar macrophages –MN06-M2366
- Oval to bean shaped nuclei
- Mononucleated or multinucleated
- Foamy cytoplasm
- Phagocytic cells
- carbon histiocytes
- siderophages
- lipophages(associated with aspiration pneumonia)
Granulomatous Inflammation –MN05-F5872
- Seen in pt’s with TB, Sarcoid and Rheumatoid Arthritis.
- Can see giant cells
- Nodular collections of epithelioid histiocytes
- Cells with elongated nuclei with pale chromatin and tiny nucleoli
Chondroid Hamartoma–C03-C14116
- Cartilage
- mature - homogenous, waxy
- immature - fibrillar texture
- Epithelium
- small bland bronchial cells
- Respiratory Infection –MN08-F9275 and N12-9869
Candida and Actinomyces from oral contamination
- Aspergillus
- 45º angle branching of true septate
- Pneumocystis
- foamy alveolar casts
- GMS- stain cell wall of cyst black
- cysts are 4 to 8 um
- Zygomycetes-(Mucor)
- broad, irregular ribbon-like hyphae
- folding of hyphae
Squamous Cell Carcinoma –C92-8306 and MN06-324
- Keratinizing (Well-Diff)/ Nonkeratinizing(Mod to poorly Diff)
- Bizarre cell shapes
- Cytoplasm is dense or hard with defined cell borders
- Heavy keratinization(seen in Keratinizing SCC)
- Coarsely granular and/or opaque nucleus
- Nucleoli possible
Bronchogenic adenocarcinoma –C00-A43961
- 3-D balls, single cells, syncytia
- Lacy, fine, vacuolated cytoplasm
- Cuboidal cells, eccentric nuclei
- Finely granular irregular chromatin
- Nucleoli
Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma –C01-W33204
- 3-D balls, papillary growth
- Finely granular to clear cytoplasm
- Eccentric nuclei
- Pale to moderately hyperchromatic chromatin
- Intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations
- Psammoma bodies may be seen
Small Cell Carcinoma –C03-T32870 and MN04-G5451
- Single and syncytial
- Nuclear molding
- Scant cytoplasm
- Oval to angulated nuclei
- Nucleoli not prominent
- Dense chromasia (salt and pepper chromatin)
- Crush artifact ( nuclear DNA streaming)
- One to four times the size of a lymphocyte
Carcinoid –C02-M34743
- Uniform cuboidal cells
- Scant to moderate cytoplasm
- Small round to oval nuclei
- Stippled granular chromatin
- Small nucleoli possible
- Small blood vessels in background
Metastatic malignancy –MN07-T9423, MN07-T9423 and C97-B18744
- Compare the metastatic with the primary lesion
- Usually no tumor diathesis
- Presence of multiple nodules and a history of morphologically compatible cancer strongly favor metastasis
Cytology service page
